Gene sequencing
Gene sequencing is a process in which the individual base nucleotides in an organism’s DNA are identified. It laid the foundation for the Human Genome Project, completed in 2003. Different genes are activated in different cells, creating specific proteins that give each cell type its trait.
Gene sequencing is used to learn about the genome of the organism as a whole, and to identify specific areas of interest and concern. Samples like hair, skin scrapings, and blood can all be used for that. Only a few cells are needed to extract their DNA and run it through a sequencer.
By looking at genetic variations across multiple individuals, researchers can identify the precise nucleotides used to code specific traits, from certain heart conditions to brown hair. They learn when a trait first appeared in the organism, and what kinds of factors influence that trait.
The process can be used to identify genetic abnormalities. Samples are checked for common genetic conditions in fetuses, and compare them with samples from parents who are concerned about passing down hereditary diseases.
It may lead to cures for specific conditions. It is also used to test unknown samples against known DNA to see if someone was present at the scene of a crime.
Watch the sequencing process at the Broad Institute in Boston, USA. Its DNAtrium is dedicated to the exploration of the human genome, our genetic recipe and instruction book. The space unites science, technology, art, and community.
It showcases how genomic science is propelling progress in biology and medicine. Visitors can hear from scientists about their groundbreaking work, and peer into the lab-machines that yield torrents of biological information, and connect with recent global discoveries in genomic science.
